中国诗词文化

“滚滚长江东逝水，浪花淘尽英雄”。历史的长河奔腾不息，我们的祖先以其无穷的臹慧，创造了五千年中华文明史，留下了极其丰富而宝贵的物质财富和精神财富，犹如历史长河的滔滔洪水裹挟的金砂，沉淀、聚集。今天，我们把它称作文化。它世代相传，绵延不绝，成为中华传统文化。而其中，诗歌无疑是最悠久最灿烂的存在之一。中国诗歌的历史有三千多年，有无数才华横溢的诗人涌现，犹如天上的繁星。这里将选取其中几位代表性诗人作为例子，让大家能够感受到中国诗词文化的魅力。他们有不同的语言风格和人生经历，还代表了中国诗歌的不同流派，能让你看到历史长河中最璀璨的存在。

"Wave after wave,the Yangzi River roars east,sweeping away with all our heroes." The long river of history pentium, our ancestors with infinite wisdom, created five thousand years of Chinese civilization history, leaving an extremely rich and precious material wealth and spiritual wealth, like the long history of the surging flood of gold sand, precipitation, gathering.Today, we call it culture.It has been passed down from generation to generation, stretching and continuing, and has become a traditional Chinese culture.Among them, poetry is undoubtedly one of the oldest and the most brilliant existence.The history of Chinese poetry is more than three thousand years, in myriad of brilliant poets emerged like countless stars in the sky,several representative poets will be selected as examples here, so that you can feel the charm of Chinese poetry culture.they have different styles and life experience, and also represent different schools of Chinese poetry,allowing you to see the brightest existence in our history. 

李白

Libai

杜甫

Dufu

苏轼

Sushi

李清照

Li qingzhao

中秋•历史沿革

李白

李白（701~762），字太白，号青莲居士，祖籍陇西成纪（今甘肃天水附近），生于中亚碎叶城，被后人誉为“诗仙”。

Li Bai ( 701~ 762), also known as Li Po, was renowned as the greatest romantic poet in ancient China. His courtesy name was Taibai and was born in Suiye in Central Asia. And he was known as "Poetry Fairy" by later generations.

李白的诗雄奇飘逸，艺术成就极高。他讴歌祖国山河与美丽的自然风光，风格雄奇奔放，俊逸清新，富有精神，达到了内容与艺术的完美统一。其诗大多以描写山水和抒发内心的情感为主，且富于自我表现的主观抒情色彩十分浓烈，感情的表达具有一种排山倒海、一泻千里的气势。

Li Bai's poems are magnificent and elegant with high artistic achievement. He euloitates the mountains and rivers of the motherland and the beautiful natural scenery. His style is bold and unrestrained, handsome and fresh, full of spirit, and achieves the perfect unification of content and art. Most of his poems mainly describe landscapes and express inner feelings, and the subjective lyric color of self-expression is very strong, and the expression of feelings has a kind of overwhelming momentum.

李白的诗中常将想象、夸张、比喻、等手法综合运用，从而造成神奇异彩、瑰丽动人的意境，这就是他的诗作给人以豪迈奔放、飘逸若仙的原因所在。李白的诗具有“笔落惊风雨，诗成泣鬼神”的艺术魅力，这也就是他的诗歌中最鲜明的特点。

Li Bai's poems often use imagination, exaggeration, metaphor, and other techniques comprehensively, resulting in a magical, magnificent and moving artistic conception, which is why his poems give people bold, elegant and immortal. Li Bai's poems have the artistic charm of "the pen falls the wind and rain, the poem becomes qizhuishen", which is the most distinctive feature of his poems.

从艺术成就上来讲，李白的乐府、歌行及绝句成就为最高。其歌行，完全打破诗歌创作的一切固有格式，空无依傍，笔法多端，达到了任随性之而变幻莫测、摇曳多姿的神奇境界。李白的绝句自然明快，飘逸潇洒，能以简洁明快的语言表达出无尽的情思。在盛唐诗人中，王维、孟浩然长于五绝，王昌龄等七绝写得好，兼长五绝与七绝而并至极境的，只有李白一人。杜甫对李白的评价：“笔落惊风雨，诗成泣鬼神”。

In terms of artistic achievements, Li Bai's Yuefu, singing and quatrains achievements are the highest. His singing lines completely break all the inherent formats of poetry creation, with empty dependence and varied brushwork, reaching the magical realm of unpredictable and swaying with nature. Li Bai's unique sentence is natural and lively, elegant and unrestrained, and can express endless feelings with concise and lively language. Among the poets of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei and Meng Haoran were good at five wonders, Wang Changling and other seven wonders wrote well, and Li Bai was the only one. Du Fu's evaluation of Li Bai: "The pen startled the wind and rain, the poem into tears."

李白

【清平调其一 Qingping Theme #1】

云想衣裳花想容，春风拂槛露华浓。

Clouds and flowers remind me of her dress and looks.

Spring wind brushes rails; dews moisten flowers.

若非群玉山头见，会向瑶台月下逢。

If she’s not a fairy descended from Mountain Qunyu,

she has to be a goddess from Yao Terrace in moonlight.

赏花亦在赏人，花容玉面，相互映衬，因此才得君王带笑看。诗人写花又在写人，物我交融，言在此而意在彼。诗中语语浓艳，字字流葩，读这首诗，如觉春风满纸，花光满眼，人面迷离，无须刻画，自然使人觉得这是牡丹，是美人玉色，而不是别的。

The appreciation of flowers is also the appreciation of people. The beauty of flowers set each other off, so that the king looked at them with a smile. The poet wrote flowers and people, things and I blend, speech here and intended to that. The language in the poem is thick and colourful, the words flow sb, read this poem, if feel spring breeze is full of paper, flower light is full of eye, human face is blurred, need not describe, nature makes a person feel this is peony, is beauty jade color, but is not other.

【登金陵凤凰台 Climbing Up Phoenix Terrace at Jinling】

凤凰台上凤凰游，凤去台空江自流。

Before, phoenixes used to hang out at Phoenix Terrace.

They’re gone leaving terrace empty and river flowing.

吴宫花草埋幽径，晋代衣冠成古丘。

Flowers and grass bury desolate footpath at Wu Palace.

Dignitaries of Jin Dynasty are now inside tomb mounds.

三山半落青天外，二水中分白鹭洲。

Half of Three Hills at distant blue sky is obscured by mist.

River is split into two in the middle by White Heron Islet.

总为浮云能蔽日，长安不见使人愁。

Those roaming clouds always block out the sun high above.

It’s heartrending when Chang’an is not seen from high place.

诗歌赏析 Poetry Appreciation

此诗气韵高古，格调悠远，体现了李白诗歌以气夺人的艺术特色。其中的“长安不见”内含远望之“登”字义，既与题目遥相呼应，更把无限的情思涂抹到水天一色的大江、巍峨峥嵘的青山与澄澈无际的天空当中。这样心中情与眼中景也就茫茫然交织在一起，于是山光水色，发思古之幽情，思接千载；江水滔滔，吟伤今之离恨，流韵无穷。

The poem is ancient in spirit and long in style, which embodies the artistic characteristics of Li Bai's poetry. Among them, "Chang 'an disappeared" contains the meaning of "ascend" from afar, which not only echoes the title from afar, but also paints infinite feelings into the great river, lofty mountains and clear and boundless sky. So in the heart and eyes of the scene is blankly intertwined, so the mountains and rivers, hair think of the ancient feelings, think of thousands of years; River surging, Yin wound from hate today, endless rhyme.

杜甫

杜甫（712年2月12日 [1] ～770年），字子美，自号少陵野老，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，与李白合称“李杜”。出生于河南巩县，原籍湖北襄阳。

Du Fu (February 12,712 -- 770 years) , the word beauty, since the name Shaolingyelao. Born in Gong County, Henan province, originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province.

杜甫的诗词以古体、律诗见长，风格多样，以“沉郁顿挫”四字准确概括出他自己的作品风格，而以沉郁为主。

Du Fu's poems are characterized by ancient style and rhythmic poetry, with various styles. His own style is accurately summed up by the four words “Gloomy and stuttering”, and his style is mainly gloomy.

杜甫善于运用古典诗歌的许多体制，并加以创造性地发展。杜甫关心民生疾苦的思想和他在律诗方面所取得的成就直接影响了中唐时期元稹、白居易等人的新乐府创作。他是新乐府诗体的开路人。他的乐府诗，促成了中唐时期新乐府运动的发展。他的五七古长篇，亦诗亦史，展开铺叙，而又着力于全篇的回旋往复，标志着中国诗歌艺术的高度成就。社会矛盾重重的宋代更是学习杜甫最兴盛的时代，出现了以杜甫为宗的江西诗派

Du Fu used many of the systems of classical poetry and developed them creatively. Du Fu's concern for people's livelihood and his achievements in poetry directly influenced the creation of new yuefu by Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi and others in the Middle Tang dynasty. He was the pioneer of the new yuefu style of poetry. His yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new yuefu movement in the Middle Tang dynasty. His long May 7 antiquity works, which are both poetry and history, spread out narration, and focus on the whole cycle of back and forth, symbolizing the high achievement of Chinese poetry art. In the Song dynasty, when there were many social contradictions, it was the most prosperous time to learn from Du Fu.

杜甫继承了汉魏乐府“感于哀乐，缘事而发”的精神，摆脱乐府古题的束缚，创作了不少“即事名篇，无复依傍”的新题乐府，如著名的“三吏”、“三别”等。死后受到樊晃、韩愈、元稹、白居易等人的大力揄扬。杜诗对元白的“新乐府运动”的文艺思想及李商隐的近体讽喻时事诗影响甚深。但杜诗受到广泛重视，是在宋以后。王禹偁、王安石、苏轼、黄庭坚、等人对杜甫推崇备至，文天祥则更以杜诗为坚守民族气节的精神力量。杜诗的影响，从古到今，早已超出文艺的范围。

Du Fu inherited the spirit of the Yue-fu of the Han and Wei dynasties, which was “Inspired by sorrowful music and inspired by events”. He got rid of the shackles of the ancient yue-fu theme and created many new yue-fu themes, which were “Well-known works with no backing”, such as the famous“Three officials”, “Three farewell” and so on. After death by Fan Huang, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi and other people vigorously praise. Du Shi had a great influence on Yuan Bai's literary thought of the “New yuefu movement” and Li Shangyin's modern allegorical poems about current events. However, Du's poems were widely regarded after the Song dynasty. Wang Yucheng, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, and others praised Du Fu, Wen Tianxiang is more to adhere to the national integrity of Du Shi as a spiritual force. The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art.

杜甫

【自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字(节选)

 On the Way from the Capital to Fengxian (Excerpts) 】

朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。

The mansions burst with wine and meat;The poor die frozen on the street.

荣枯咫尺异，惆怅难再述。

Woe stands within an inch of weal.Distressed, can I tell what I feel?

这是传诵千古的名句。表面上一往高歌,暗地里却结上启下,令读者不觉,《杜诗镜铨》里评价说“拍到路上无痕,讲得很对。骊山宫装点得像仙界一般,而宫门之外即有路倒尸。咫尺之间,荣枯差别这样大,那也没有什么可说的了。诗人不能再说,亦无须再说了。

This is a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages. On the surface, they sing loudly, but in the dark, they tie the knot, so that the reader does not know, “Du Shi Jing Quan,” said the evaluation, “Take the road without trace, say very right. The Lishan Palace is decorated like a fairyland, and there are dead bodies lying on the road outside the palace gates. Within a few feet of each other, the difference between growth and decline was so great that nothing could be said about it. The poet can say no more, and need say no more.

【登金陵凤凰台 Climbing Up Phoenix Terrace at Jinling】

国破山河在，城春草木深。

On war-torn land streams flow and mountains stand;In vernal town grass and weeds are o'ergrown.

感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。

Grieved o'er the years, flowers make us shed tears;Hating to part, hearing birds breaks our heart.

烽火连三月，家书抵万金。

The beacon fire has gone higher and higher;Words from household are worth their weight in gold.

白头搔更短，浑欲不胜簪。

I cannot bear to scratch my grizzling hair;It grows too thin to hold a light hairpin.

《春望》是唐代大诗人杜甫创作的一首诗。此诗前四句写春日长安凄惨破败的景象，饱含着兴衰感慨；后四句写诗人挂念亲人、心系国事的情怀，充溢着凄苦哀思。全诗格律严整，颔联分别以“感时花溅泪“应首联国破之叹，以“恨别鸟惊心”应颈联思家之忧，尾联则强调忧思之深导致发白而稀疏，对仗精巧，声情悲壮，充分地表现出诗人爱国之情。

“Chunwang” is a poem written by Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang dynasty. The first four lines of this poem describe the sad and dilapidated scene of Chang 'an in spring, full of feelings of prosperity and decline, while the last four lines describe the poet's concern for his family and state affairs, full of sad thoughts. The whole poem is in strict order, the chin couplets are respectively“Feeling when the flowers splashing tears” to the United Nations to break the sigh, to“Hate the bird scared” to the neck to think of the worries of the family, while the tail couplets stress the depth of the worries leading to white and sparse, the antithesis is exquisite, the voice is solemn and stirring, fully showing the poet's patriotic feelings.

苏轼

苏轼（1037年1月8日—1101年8月24日），字子瞻，一字和仲，号铁冠道人、东坡居士，世称苏东坡、苏仙、坡仙，汉族，眉州眉山（今四川省眉山市）人，祖籍河北栾城，北宋文学家、书法家、美食家、画家，历史治水名人。

Author's introduction

Su Shi (January 8, 1037 -- August 24, 1101), styled zizhan, styled Hezhong, styled Tieguan Daoist, dongpo Laishi, known as Su Dongpo, Su Xian, Po Xian, han Nationality, was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan city, Sichuan Province), and his ancestral home was Luancheng, Hebei province. He was a writer, calligrapher, gourmet and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.

苏轼作品风格大约可分三类：

1、豪放风格：

这是苏轼刻意追求的理想风格。他以充沛、激昂甚至略带悲凉的感情融入词中，写人状物以慷慨豪迈的形象和阔大雄壮的场面取胜。

2、旷达风格：

这是最能代表苏轼思想和性格特点的词风，表达了诗人希望隐居、避开乱世、期待和平的愿望。

3、婉约风格：

苏轼婉约词的数量在其词的总数中占有绝对多的比例，这些词感情纯正深婉，格调健康高远，也是对传统婉约词的一种继承和发展。

Writing style

The styles of Su Shi's works can be divided into three categories:

1.Bold style:

This is the ideal style that Su Shi deliberately pursues. He is full of, passionate and even slightly sad feelings into the words, writing human with generous heroic image and grand and magnificent scene win.

2.Broad-minded style:

This is the most representative of Su Shi's thoughts and personality style, expressing the poet's wish to live in seclusion, avoid chaos, and look forward to peace.

3.Graceful style:

The number of graceful ci of Su Shi occupies an absolute large proportion in the total number of his ci, which is a kind of inheritance and development of traditional graceful ci with pure and deep feeling and healthy and lofty style.

3.Graceful style:

The number of graceful ci of Su Shi occupies an absolute large proportion in the total number of his ci, which is a kind of inheritance and development of traditional graceful ci with pure and deep feeling and healthy and lofty style.

Su Dongpo was bold and unrestrained, and did not like to cut words into rhythm. He only regarded ci as a new poetic style with proper sentence structure. In his poems, he is nostalgic for the past and hurts the present, discusses the history and mystery, expresses the feelings of the country, describes the friendship between teachers and students, writes rural scenery, rove mood, and truly achieves "no intention can not enter, nothing is not at all"; Or performance for flat hill thousand ride, brocade cap sable furs, pull bow to shoot tiger's passionate generosity, or performance for misty rain an alpine rush, grain in ear bamboo cane, chant the cheerful broadness when going out, or performance for a flood, forget her country, the melancholy and melancholy when remembering heroes, or performance for long way think tea, desolate village knock jing, try to ask wildling is easy and easy. Really do "such as running water, the beginning of no fixed quality, but often in the line when the line, often stop in the can not stop." He emancipated ci style, broke the division of subject matter "poetry expresses aspiration" and "ci expresses affection", and was the founder of the bold and unrestrained school.

苏轼

【水调歌·明月几时有】

丙辰中，欢饮达，大醉，作此篇，兼怀子。

明月几时有？把酒问青天。不知天上宫阙，今夕是何年？我欲乘风归去，又恐琼楼玉宇，高处不胜寒。起舞弄清影，何似在人间？

转朱阁，低绮户，照无眠。不应有恨，何事长向别时圆？人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。

How long wi11 the full moon appear?

Wine cup in hand, I ask the sky.

I do not know what time of the year

Twould be tonight in the palace on high.

Riding the wind, there I would fly,

Yet I' m afraid the crystalline palace would be

Too high and cold for me.

I rise and dance, with my shadow I play.

On high as on earth, would it be as gay?

The moon goes round the mansions red

Through gauze–draped window soft to shed

Her light upon the sleepless bed.

Why then when people part, is the oft full and bright?

Men have sorrow and joy; they part or meet again;

The moon is bright or dim and she may wax or wane.

There has been nothing perfect since the olden days.

So let us wish that man.

词以月起兴，在月的阴晴圆缺当中，渗进浓厚的哲学意味，表达了诗人对胞弟的无限怀念，也表达了在仕途失意时旷达超脱的胸怀和乐观的景致。表现方面上，词的前半纵写，后半横叙。前半是对历代神话的推陈出新，也是对魏晋六朝仙诗的递嬗发展。后半纯用白描，人月双及。艺术成就上，它构思奇拔，极富浪漫主义色彩。布局方面上，上片凌空而起，入处似虚；下片波澜层叠，返虚转实。

Appreciation: The poem starts with the moon, in the moon waxing and waxing, into a strong philosophical meaning, expressed the poet's infinite yearning for his brother, but also expressed in the official career frustrated broad-mindedness and detachment of mind and optimistic scene. In terms of expression, the first half of the word is written vertically and the second half is narrated horizontally. The first half is the evolution of fairy poems in wei, Jin and Six dynasties. After semi - pure use of line, double and people on. In terms of artistic achievement, it is extremely romantic in conception. In terms of layout, the upper slice volley and up, into the virtual; Next wave cascade, return virtual turn real.

苏轼

【念奴娇·赤壁怀古】

大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。故垒西边，人道是：三国周郎赤壁。乱石穿空，惊涛拍岸，卷起千堆雪。江山如画，一时多少豪杰。

遥想公瑾当年，小乔初嫁了，雄姿英发。羽扇纶巾，谈笑间、樯橹灰飞烟灭。故国神游，多情应笑我，早生华发。人生如梦，一尊还酹江月。

【Tune: "Charm of a Maiden Singer"

Memories of the Past at Red Cliff】

The Great River eastward flows,

With its waves are gone all those

Gallant heroes of bygone years.

West of the ancient fortress appears

The Red Cliff. Here General Zhou won his early fame

When the Three Kingdoms were all in flame.

Jagged rocks tower in the air,

Swashing waves beat on the shore,

Rolling up a thousand heaps of snow.

To match the hills and the river so fair,

How many heroes brave of yore

Made a great show!

I fancy General Zhou at the height

Of his success, with a plume fan in hand,

In a silk hood, so brave and bright,

Laughing and jesting with his bride so fair,

While enemy ships were destroyed as planned

Like shadowy castles in the air.

Should their souls revisit this land,

Sentimental, his wife would laugh to say,

Younger than they, I have my hair all turned gray.

Life is but like a passing dream,

I'd drink to the moon which once saw them on the stream.

此词怀古抒情，写自己消磨壮心殆尽，转而以旷达之心关注历史和人生。上阕以描写赤壁矶风起浪涌的自然风景为主，意境开阔博大，感慨隐约深沉。起笔凌云健举，包举有力。将浩荡江流与千古人事并收笔下。

Appreciation: this word nostalgic lyric, write oneself kill heroic heart exhausted, turn to the heart of broad-minded concern about history and life. Upper tie down to describe the natural scenery of chibi rock wind surging mainly, artistic conception broad, feeling vague deep. Writing lingyun Jianju, powerful package. Will the mighty river and ancient personnel and collect.

李清照

李清照（1084年3月13日－1155年），号易安居士，宋齐州章丘（今山东济南章丘西北）人，居济南。 宋代女词人，婉约派代表，有“千古第一才女”之称。所作词，前期多写其悠闲生活，后期多悲叹身世，情调感伤。这与她的经历有关。

Li Qingzhao (March 13, 1084-1155), No. Yi'an lay, was born in Zhangqiu, songqizhou (now northwest of Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong), and lived in Jinan. The poetess of the Song Dynasty, a representative of the graceful school, is known as "the most talented woman in the ages". In the early stage, he wrote more about his leisurely life, and in the later stage, he lamented his life experience and emotional sentiment. It has something to do with her experience.

前期主要通过白描、夸张手法描写了词人少女时期的欢快自由生活，以及少妇时期的相思别离之意，表现了他对自然的热爱、爱情的向往和离别的苦恼；后期作词主要通过对比联想手法、家常口语的表现形式，展现了国破家亡之恨和凄清孤寂之苦。

Writing style

In the early stage, he mainly described the poet's happy and free life in his teenage years and his love for nature, his yearning for love and the agony of parting; In the later period, ci poetry mainly shows the hatred of the collapse of the country and the desolation and loneliness by comparing the associative techniques and the forms of family colloquial expression.

李清照作为中国古代文学史上少有的女作家，其作品中所体现的爱国思想，具有积极的社会意义。 历史的角度李清照的爱国思想，代表了中国古代广大妇女追求男女平等、关心国事、热爱祖国的一个侧面，让后人从中看到了中国古代女性情感世界的另一面。而且，她还在众多爱国作家中为女性争得了一席之地。不仅如此，李清照还开创了女作家爱国主义创作的先河，为后世留下了一个女性爱国的光辉典范，特别是现代女性文学的创作产生了重大影响。 现实的角度认识李清照的爱国思想，能感受到女性在国家统一、民族团结以及社会进步等方面的巨大作用。这对于在弘扬爱国主义，高举爱国大旗，促进民族团结、国家统一和振兴中华时充分发挥妇女的社会作用，具有十分重大的意义。

As a rare female writer in the history of ancient Chinese literature, Li Qingzhao's patriotic thoughts reflected in her works have positive social significance. From a historical point of view, Li Qingzhao's patriotism represents one side of ancient Chinese women's pursuit of equality between men and women, their concern for state affairs and their love for the motherland, from which future generations can see the other side of the emotional world of ancient Chinese women. Moreover, she also won a place for women among many patriotic writers. Not only that, Li Qingzhao also created a precedent for the patriotic creation of female writers, leaving a brilliant example of female patriotism for later generations, especially the creation of modern female literature has had a significant impact. To understand Li Qingzhao's patriotism from a realistic perspective, we can feel the great role of women in national unity, national unity and social progress. This is of great significance to give full play to the social role of women in carrying forward patriotism, holding high the flag of patriotism, promoting national unity, national unity and rejuvenating China

李清照

【如梦令】

昨夜雨疏风骤，浓睡不消残酒。试问卷帘人，却道“海棠依旧”

。知否，知否?应是绿肥红瘦。

Last night the strong wind blew with a rain fine;

Sound sleep did not dispel the aftertaste of wine.

I ask the maid rolling up the screen.

The same crab apple, "says she, can be seen.'

But don't you know, Oh, don't you know

The red should languish and the green should grow?"

这首词是李清照早期作品之一。词中充分体现出作者对大自然、对春天的热爱。这是一首小令，内容也很简单。它写的是春夜里大自然经历了一场风吹雨打，词人预感到庭园中的花木必然是绿叶繁茂，花却凋零了。因此，第二天清晨它急切地向卷帘人询问室外的变化，粗心的卷帘人却回答海棠依旧。对此，词人禁不住连用两个知否与一个应该是来纠正其观察的粗疏与回答的错误。“绿肥红瘦”这一句，形象地反应出作者对春天将逝的惋惜之情。

Appreciation: this poem is one of Li Qingzhao's early works. The words fully reflect the author's love for nature and spring. This is a small decree, the content is also very simple. It describes the spring night when nature experienced a storm. The poet had a premonition that the flowers and trees in the garden must be lush with green leaves, but the flowers withered. Therefore, the next morning, it eagerly asked the shutter roller about the outdoor changes, but the careless shutter roller answered that the Begonia was still there. In this regard, Ci writers can not help but use two "know no" and "should be" to correct their careless observation and wrong answer. The sentence "green, fat, red and thin" vividly reflects the author's regret for the passing of spring.

Chinese poetry culture will always be a treasure of the world