黄河STYLE_副本

The Master

beats the

chimes in Wei

子击磬于卫

郑州文庙大成殿

在郑州文庙的展陈中，有一幅“孔子周游列国线路图”。郑州文庙也称孔庙，据明朝编写的《郑州志》记载，郑州文庙创建于东汉明帝永平年间，是全国仅次于曲阜孔庙的第二古老的文庙。

壁画《退修诗书》

壁画《泰山问政》

本刊记者  徐敏

鲁定公十三年（公元前497年），五十五岁的孔子依依不舍地告别鲁国、告别家乡，前往卫国，开始了长达十四年的周游列国生涯。

在这段周游中，孔子的大多数时间在陈国和卫国，有的国家仅仅是路过。孔子在陈国居住近四年，而在卫国待的时间最长，居住了近十年。从地图上来看，孔子多次经过卫国。

卫国和鲁国的国君都是文王的后代。当时，卫国的首都在帝丘（今河南濮阳），政治稳固，人口众多。虽然卫灵公一度给了孔子不错的待遇，不过两人最终还是“道不同，不相为谋”。卫灵公问孔子征战之事，孔子不赞成诸侯之间的战争，推脱说没学过。第二天卫灵公与孔子见面，眼睛不看孔子，而是看天上的大雁，神色似乎孔子并不在场。这令孔子非常难堪。

这幅“孔子周游列国线路图”根据《史记·孔子世家》中记录的路线绘制。孔子的大体行经路线是：由鲁至卫，过匡，返回卫国，过曹，至宋，适郑，居陈，返卫过蒲，临河而返，再到陈国，自陈迁蔡，自蔡入叶，去叶返蔡，暂居负函，云游楚地，再返卫国，返回鲁国。从路线图中不难看出，孔子这段行迹的地点多在今河南省境内。

鲁哀公十一年，得季子康召，孔子结束了十四年颠沛流离的生活，回到祖国。去国之时，他五十五岁；归国之时，他六十八岁，老妻已经去世。回到鲁国的孔子不再担任官职，但仍与闻政事。

如鲍鹏山的诗歌《仲尼》中的诗句：“衰弱的老人啊，你的智慧和正义之灯依然不熄灭，在每一个世界的窗口闪亮，清冷地照耀着一条旷古荒芜的路。”

此后，就是那个人们熟悉的故事，孔子在家中击磬。门口有个挑草筐的人经过，听到磬声说：“这个击磬的人有心事啊。”又说：“磬声硁硁的，没有人知道自己，就自己作好罢了。水深就索性穿着衣服蹚过去，水浅就撩起衣服走过去。”

孔子说：“好果断啊！这样就没有什么为难的了。”

周游列国的孔子一度流离落寞，却始终不忘他的主张。鲍鹏山所著《孔子》一书中记录，鲁哀公六年，六十三岁的孔子遭遇生平最大的一次磨难。他们被围困在陈国、蔡国之间的荒野，绝粮多日，病饿交加。孤绝之境中，孔子与弟子进行了一场“君子亦有穷乎”的讨论。

郑州文庙展览的不同年代的《论语》版本

本期照片均由徐敏 摄

郑州文庙展陈的敦煌遗书《论语》卷第六（仿制品）

孔子“在陈绝粮”场景复原

The Master 

beats the chimes

in Wei

By Reporter Xu Min

In the 13th year of the reign of Duke Ding of Lu (497 BC), the 55-year-old Confucius reluctantly bid farewell to Lu and his hometown and went to Wei, starting a 14-year journey of traveling around the various states.

Among the exhibits in Zhengzhou Confucian Temple, there is a "Route Map of Confucius's Travels Around the Countries". Zhengzhou Confucian Temple is also called the Temple of Confucius. According to the "Zhengzhou Chronicles" compiled in the Ming Dynasty, Zhengzhou Confucian Temple was founded during the Yongping period of Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is the second oldest Confucian Temple in the country after the Confucius Temple in Qufu.

This "Route Map of Confucius's Travels Around the Countries" was drawn based on the route recorded in "Historical Records: The Family of Confucius". Confucius' general route was: from Lu to Wei, passing Kuang, returning to Wei, passing Cao, to Song, going to Zheng, living in Chen, returning to Wei, passing Pu, returning to Linhe, then to Chen, moving from Chen to Cai, from Cai to Ye, leaving Ye and returning to Cai, temporarily living in Fuhan, traveling in Chu, returning to Wei, and returning to Lu. It is not difficult to see from the route map that most of the places where Confucius traveled were in today's Henan Province.

孔子“习礼树下”场景复原  

Restoration of the scene of Confucius "Learning Etiquette Under the Tree"

Confucius said: "How decisive! Now there is nothing to worry about."

Confucius, who traveled around the countries, was once displaced and lonely, but he never forgot his ideas. In the book "Confucius" written by Bao Pengshan, it is recorded that in the sixth year of Duke Ai of Lu, the 63-year-old Confucius encountered the greatest hardship in his life. They were besieged in the wilderness between Chen and Cai, without food for many days, and suffered from illness and hunger. In the isolated situation, Confucius and his disciples had a discussion on "Do gentlemen also have poverty?"

In the eleventh year of Duke Ai of Lu, Confucius was summoned by Ji Zikang, and he returned to his homeland after fourteen years of wandering. When he left the country, he was fifty-five years old; when he returned, he was sixty-eight years old, and his wife had passed away. After returning to Lu, Confucius no longer held an official position, but he was still involved in government affairs.

For example, in Bao Pengshan's poem "Zhongni", there is a line: "Frail old man, your lamp of wisdom and justice still shines brightly in every window of the world, illuminating a desolate and ancient road coldly."

Confucius said: "How decisive! Now there is nothing to worry about."

Confucius, who traveled around the countries, was once displaced and lonely, but he never forgot his ideas. In the book "Confucius" written by Bao Pengshan, it is recorded that in the sixth year of Duke Ai of Lu, the 63-year-old Confucius encountered the greatest hardship in his life. They were besieged in the wilderness between Chen and Cai, without food for many days, and suffered from illness and hunger. In the isolated situation, Confucius and his disciples had a discussion on "Do gentlemen also have poverty?"

In the eleventh year of Duke Ai of Lu, Confucius was summoned by Ji Zikang, and he returned to his homeland after fourteen years of wandering. When he left the country, he was fifty-five years old; when he returned, he was sixty-eight years old, and his wife had passed away. After returning to Lu, Confucius no longer held an official position, but he was still involved in government affairs.

For example, in Bao Pengshan's poem "Zhongni", there is a line: "Frail old man, your lamp of wisdom and justice still shines brightly in every window of the world, illuminating a desolate and ancient road coldly."

壁画《景公尊让》  Mural "King Jing's Respect and Resignation"